White papers, peer-reviewed research and open datasets — much of it generated at our C-TEST facility — sharing what we learn about floating LIDAR, scanning LIDAR and the atmosphere with the wider offshore wind community.
Young, M., Docherty, M., Hung, L. Y., Oldroyd, A., Gottschall, J.
An intercomparison of methods for determining the beam position of scanning lidars, finding that drone hard targeting gives particularly low elevation-offset uncertainty, while sea-surface methods remain useful offshore.
Gottschall, J. (Fraunhofer IWES); Oldroyd, A. (Oldbaum Services)
A feature article in PES Renewable Energy News (PES Wind), co-authored by Fraunhofer IWES and Oldbaum Services, on advances in wind measurement for the offshore wind sector.
Young, M., Oldroyd, A., Shafa, M. (Oldbaum Services); Kidambi Sekar, A. P., Schwenk, P. (OWC)
Verification of dual-scanning lidar (DSL) for wind resource assessment, comparing two Vaisala WindCube 400S lidars against a 100 m met mast. The study examines how data recovery rate, measurement range and multi-height scanning affect data quality, finding DSL highly accurate for wind speed and direction even at low recovery rates, while turbulence intensity is more sensitive.
Oldroyd, A., Wishart, T., Gottschall, J. · WindEurope Technology Workshop, Rotterdam — presentation
Final conclusions from the OWA TaLiSman project on tall-height measurement uncertainty in floating LIDAR data, covering both the method of assessment and how that uncertainty should be treated.
Gottschall, J., Oldroyd, A. · WindEurope Technology Workshop, Rotterdam — presentation
Verification of dual scanning LIDAR performance under representative offshore conditions, assessing how the technique holds up when measuring over the sea rather than at an onshore test site.
Gottschall, J., Rouholahnejad, F. (Fraunhofer IWES); Oldroyd, A. (Oldbaum Services) · DeepWind 2026, Trondheim — presentation
Presentation from DeepWind 2026 in Trondheim verifying dual scanning LIDAR performance under representative offshore conditions, assessing how the technique performs when measuring over the sea rather than at an onshore test site.
Young, M., Docherty, M., Hung, L. Y., Oldroyd, A., Gottschall, J. · Wind Energy Science (preprint)
An intercomparison of methods for determining the beam position of scanning lidars, finding that drone hard targeting gives particularly low elevation-offset uncertainty, while sea-surface methods remain useful offshore.
Gottschall, J. (Fraunhofer IWES); Oldroyd, A. (Oldbaum Services) · PES Renewable Energy News (PES Wind)
A feature article in PES Renewable Energy News (PES Wind), co-authored by Fraunhofer IWES and Oldbaum Services, on advances in wind measurement for the offshore wind sector.
Rouholahnejad, F., Lunel, T., Gottschall, J. · Wind Energy Science (preprint)
A four-month offshore campaign near Blyth, UK investigating whether dual-Doppler scanning lidar beams must intersect for accurate offshore wind and turbulence reconstruction, finding that moderate horizontal beam separations can be tolerated in homogeneous conditions and provide a practical measure of spatial uncertainty.
Gottschall, J., Wishart, T., Oldroyd, A. · WindEurope Technology Workshop, Istanbul — conference presentation
Campaign overview and findings from the OWA TaLiSman project, trialling tall floating LIDAR systems measuring at the greater hub heights required by next-generation offshore wind turbines.
Oldroyd, A., Gottschall, J. · WindEurope Technology Workshop, Istanbul — presentation
Extending the Carbon Trust Offshore Wind Accelerator pre-normative guidance on how to test and assess the accuracy of turbulence intensity measurements obtained from floating LIDAR systems.
Oldroyd, A., Young, M., Docherty, M., Bost, J., Redford, S., Haize, J., Royle, J., Gottschall, J. · Journal of Physics: Conference Series
A comparison of classical and drone-based hard-target methodologies for scanning lidar in offshore wind, showing that drone hard targeting is a practical alternative or complement to conventional targets for offshore calibration.
Oldroyd, A. · WindEurope Technology Workshop, Dublin — presentation
An assessment of the value of turbulence intensity data in offshore wind and the measurement accuracy requirements needed for it to be relied upon in design and energy yield decisions.
Oldbaum Services · Dataset · available on request
A curated ceilometer dataset from the C-TEST facility, supporting reproducible research into atmospheric structure and remote-sensing validation. Available on request.
Young, M., Oldroyd, A., Shafa, M. (Oldbaum Services); Kidambi Sekar, A. P., Schwenk, P. (OWC) · WESC 2023 — IEA Wind Task 52
Verification of dual-scanning lidar (DSL) for wind resource assessment, comparing two Vaisala WindCube 400S lidars against a 100 m met mast. The study examines how data recovery rate, measurement range and multi-height scanning affect data quality, finding DSL highly accurate for wind speed and direction even at low recovery rates, while turbulence intensity is more sensitive.
Kidambi Sekar, A. P., Schwenk, P. (OWC); Oldroyd, A. (Oldbaum Services) · WESC 2023, Glasgow — IEA Wind Task 52
Presentation of results from a dual-Doppler scanning lidar verification campaign, examining data availability as a metric for scanning LIDAR wind resource assessment campaigns.
Yoshimura, A., Champneys, D., Oldroyd, A., Geils, K., Perez Sarasola, I., Nagase, Y., Ossiboff, R., Coutts, E., Young, M. · WindEurope 2023 — poster
Poster presented at WindEurope 2023 on leveraging scanning LIDAR for offshore wind measurement in the Japanese market, presenting single and dual scanning LIDAR accuracy verification results from GPI against the NEDO Offshore Wind Observation Guidebook, and what the European market can learn from it.
Yoshimura, A., Oldroyd, A., Champneys, D., Geils, K., Nagase, Y., Perez Sarasola, I., Ossiboff, R., Coutts, E., Young, M. · Proceedings of Japan Wind Energy Symposium, Vol. 44, pp. 148–151
Validation of single and dual scanning LIDAR measurements, including the multiple virtual met mast approach enabled by dual scanning LIDAR, which allows wind conditions to be reconstructed at many points across a site rather than a single location.
Fabre, S., Stickland, M., Scanlon, T., Oldroyd, A., Kindler, D., Quail, F. · Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 130, pp. 99–107
Measurement and CFD simulation of the flow field around the FINO 3 triangular lattice meteorological mast, quantifying how the lattice structure distorts the wind field around mounted anemometry.
Cassola, A., Oldroyd, A., Gribban, B., Adams, N., Gellatly, B., Stickland, M. · EWEA Conference 2014
An assessment of how spatial separation and temporal offset affect scanning LIDAR data correlation, and what this means for the synchronisation requirements of bi-static (dual scanning) LIDAR systems.
Hasager, C., Stein, D., Courtney, M., Peña, A., Mikkelsen, T., Stickland, M., Oldroyd, A. · Remote Sensing, Vol. 5, Issue 9, pp. 4280–4303
Hub-height ocean winds over the North Sea observed by the NORSEWInD lidar array. Eight wind profiling LIDARs were validated against onshore met mast cup anemometry before offshore deployment on platforms, delivering over 100 months of offshore wind observations with defined quality-control criteria for slope and correlation.
Stickland, M., Fabre, S., Scanlon, T., Oldroyd, A., Mickelson, T., Astrup, P. · Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 324–333
A CFD technique for estimating how flow distortion affects LIDAR measurements taken in complex flow fields, supporting correction of remote-sensing wind data in non-uniform terrain and around structures.
Bradley, S., Perrott, Y., Behrens, P., Oldroyd, A. · Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 143, Issue 1, pp. 37–48
Methods for correcting wind-speed errors in sodar and LIDAR measurements taken in complex terrain, where flow curvature over non-flat ground biases remote-sensing wind retrievals.
Oldroyd, A., Hasager, C. B., Stickland, M., Mikkelsen, M., Estanqueiro, A. · European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition 2009, Marseille, France — Vol. 6
An introduction to the EC FP7 NORSEWInD programme, establishing a Northern Seas wind index database built from an array of wind profiling LIDARs deployed on offshore platforms across the North, Irish and Baltic Seas.
Kindler, D. (WINDTEST Kaiser Wilhelm Koog); Courtney, M. (Risø DTU); Oldroyd, A. (Oldbaum Services) · EWEC 2009 — NORSEWInD
Testing and calibration of the LIDAR remote sensing devices used for the NORSEWInD two-year offshore wind measurement campaign across the Irish, Baltic and North Seas, combining LIDAR remote sensing with satellite data to deliver cost-effective, high-quality offshore wind speed data.
Stickland, M., Scanlon, T., Fabre, S., Oldroyd, A., Mikkelsen, T. · European Offshore Wind (EOW) 2009 Proceedings
Conference paper on the EU NORSEWInD project, presented in the European Offshore Wind 2009 proceedings.
Clive, P., Chindurza, I., Ravey, I., Bass, J., Boyle, R., Jones, P., Lang, S., Bradley, S., Hay, L., Oldroyd, A., Stickland, M. · IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 1, 012019
Preliminary results from the Myres Hill remote sensing intercomparison study, comparing sodar and LIDAR remote sensing instruments against reference mast anemometry at a test site in complex terrain.
Kindler, D., Oldroyd, A., MacAskill, A., Finch, D. · Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 16, Issue 5, pp. 479–489
Preliminary results from an eight-month test campaign of the QinetiQ ZephIR wind LIDAR, one of the earliest long-duration field validations of continuous-wave LIDAR wind profiling against reference anemometry.
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